新型氣體離心密封的試驗研究
針對密封氣體時(shí)普通離心密封出現的問(wèn)題,提出了一種帶有連續注排密封液結構的離心密封裝置,介紹了該密封的工作原理及其特點(diǎn)。設計并研制了離心密封試驗樣機,測量并采集了密封介質(zhì)壓力、密封液流量、溫度等密封性能參數,研究了性能參數隨主軸轉速以及密封液注入壓力的變化規律。研究表明,新型離心密封適用于高轉速下密封氣體的場(chǎng)合,而且轉速越高,可以密封的介質(zhì)的壓力越高,但攪拌熱也越大;而增加密封液注入壓力,有利于增大密封液流量,帶走更多的攪拌熱量。
關(guān)鍵詞:離心密封;氣液兩相流;試驗研究
Abstract: Based on the problems of the common centrifugal seal for sealing gas,a structural configuration of the new-type centrifugal seal device with continuous injection and elimination of the sealing fluid is proposed,and the operating principle and feature of the seal is established.The experimental equipment of the centrifugal seal are designed and manufactured.The parameters,including the pressure of the sealing medium,the flow rate and the temperature of the sealing fluid,are measured and collected.The changing regularity of the performance parameter with the spindle speed and the injection pressure of the sealing fluid is considered.The research shows that the new type centrifugal seal is suit for the condition of gas seal at high speed.The higher the speed is,the higher sealing pressure of the medium is and the greater the heat of stirring is.The flow of the sealing fluid is increased and the heat of stirring is carried away by increasing the pressure of the injection sealing fluid.
Keywords: centrifugal seal;gas liquid two phase flow;experimental research
基金項目: 中央高;究蒲袠I(yè)務(wù)費項目(ZZ1010)
離心密封是利用回轉體帶動(dòng)液體旋轉使之產(chǎn)生徑向離心壓力以克服泄漏的裝置,在密封氣體時(shí),由密封液產(chǎn)生的離心壓力形成一液體屏障以密封氣體[1]。當離心密封用于氣體密封時(shí),主要存在兩個(gè)問(wèn)題,一是當轉速降低或停車(chē)時(shí),密封能力喪失,需考慮停車(chē)密封[2]; 二是密封液在較小的間隙下高速旋轉,會(huì )產(chǎn)生大量的攪拌熱[3],導致密封液的溫度升高甚至汽化。
目前國內外對于密封液體用的離心密封研究較多,且主要集中在基于現有半經(jīng)驗公式的工程設計和改造上[4 ~ 6],但是,對用于氣體工況下的離心密封研究較少。國內僅停留在工程技術(shù)改造上,并未提出一種完整的用于密封氣體的離心密封結構[7]; 國外學(xué)者對氣體離心密封開(kāi)展了一些工作[8],但僅涉及內部流場(chǎng)的研究,沒(méi)有考慮溫度的影響,也未能給出各個(gè)操作參數對密封性能的影響。
針對以上問(wèn)題,本文提出一種具有連續注排密封液結構的離心密封裝置。該裝置通過(guò)不斷更新密封液,可以有效地帶走工作時(shí)產(chǎn)生的攪拌熱;同時(shí)配置了氣控滑閥式端面密封,保證了離心密封低速運轉或停車(chē)時(shí)的密封性能。為了驗證密封的有效性,設計并研制了雙端面離心密封試驗樣機及氣液控制系統,測量了密封液流量、溫度等主要性能參數,分析了主軸轉速、密封液注入壓力等操作參數對密封性能的影響,為今后離心密封的優(yōu)化設計提供了指導。
新型氣體離心密封已成功應用于高轉速下密封氣體的場(chǎng)合,并且轉速越高,密封能力越強,但過(guò)高的轉速會(huì )導致流經(jīng)腔體的密封液流量減小,密封液溫度升高,影響密封的使用; 而通過(guò)改變密封液出口位置和增加密封液注入壓力的方式,可以起到加大密封液的流量,提高冷卻效果的作用。
參考文獻:
[1]蔡仁良,顧伯勤,宋鵬云.過(guò)程裝備密封技術(shù)[M].北京:化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社,2006:237-242.
[2]文美純.充液膨脹停車(chē)密封結構[J].湘潭大學(xué)自然科學(xué)學(xué)報,1994,16(1):140-142.
[3]Denecke J,Schramm V,Dullenkopf K,et al.Ad-vanced hydraulic seal design for high temperature envi-ronments[C].International Gas Turbine Institute.Proceedings of GT2006 ASME Turbo Expo 2006:Vol-ume 3:Heat Transfer,Parts A and B.Barcelona:A-merican Society of Mechanical Engineers,2006.1453-1462.
[4]張巍,吳興運.離心泵的動(dòng)力密封改造[J].水泵技術(shù),2005,(2):45-47.
[5]劉建華,趙萬(wàn)勇,吳治將.離心雜質(zhì)泵副葉輪密封裝置的設計[J].流體機械,2005,33(8):18-20,54.
[6]喬玉蘭,王者文,施勇.副葉輪密封及其在自吸泵中的設計應用[J].通用機械,2010,(2):96-98.
[7]田永紅.副葉輪密封在氣體壓縮機上的應用[J].重型機械科技,2006,(4):34-35.
[8]Young C,Chew J W.Evaluation of the volume of fluidmodeling approach for simulation of oil/air systemflows[C].International Gas Turbine Institute.Pro-ceedings of GT2005 ASME Turbo Expo 2005:Volume3:Turbo Expo 2005,Parts A and B.USA:AmericanSociety of Mechanical Engineers,2005:1249-1257.